| Chinese (simplified) | 顽固 , 任性 , 倔强 , 故意 |
| English | unruliness ( ⊳ ⊳ ⊳ ) , fractiousness ( ⊳ ⊳ ) , willfulness ( ⊳ ) , wilfulness ( ⊳ ) |
| Japanese | 我儘 , 我侭 , わがまま , 我がまま , 我が侭 , 我が儘 |
| Hyponym: | wildness contrariness |
| Hypernym: | intractability |
| Semantic Field: | attributen |