| 汉语 | 桀傲 不羁 , 顽强 , 桀傲不羁 , 不顺从 , 反抗 , 拒不服从 |
| 英语 | refractoriness ( ⊳ ⊳ ) , unmanageableness ( ⊳ ⊳ ) , recalcitrance ( ⊳ ) , recalcitrancy ( ⊳ ) |
| Indonesian | sifat keras kepala |
| Italian | refrattarietà |
| Malaysian | sifat keras kepala , kedegilan |
| Hypernym: | intractability |
| Semantic Field: | attributen |