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| large edible rays having a long snout and thick tail with pectoral fins continuous with the head; swim by undulating the edges of the pectoral fins | |||
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| ikan bertulang rawan memiliki tubuh pipih horizontal | |||
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| large venomous ray with large barbed spines near the base of a thin whiplike tail capable of inflicting severe wounds | |||
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| sting rays |